Jedlo – Food

Slovná zásoba týkajúca sa jedla v angličtine zahŕňa širokú škálu slov, ktoré sa používajú v každodennej konverzácii, pri objednávaní jedla, pri varení a pri opisovaní chutí a ingrediencií. Táto téma je dôležitá, pretože jedlo a pitie sú neoddeliteľnou súčasťou života a často sa stávajú predmetom rozhovorov. Poďme sa pozrieť na základné kategórie slovnej zásoby o jedle v angličtine.

Kategórie jedla

  1. Types of Food (Druhy jedál)
  • Fruits (Ovocie)
    • apple (jablko), banana (banán), pear (hruška), strawberry (jahoda), orange (pomaranč), cherry (čerešňa), watermelon (melón)
  • Vegetables (Zelenina)
    • potato (zemiak), carrot (mrkva), onion (cibuľa), pepper (paprika), cucumber (uhorka), tomato (paradajka), spinach (špenát)
  • Meat (Mäso)
    • beef (hovädzie), pork (bravčové), chicken (kuracie), lamb (jahňacie), fish (ryba)
  • Grains and Legumes (Obilniny a strukoviny)
    • wheat (pšenica), rice (ryža), barley (jačmeň), lentils (šošovica), beans (fazuľa)
  • Dairy Products (Mliečne výrobky)
    • milk (mlieko), cheese (syr), yogurt (jogurt), butter (maslo)
  • Sweets and Snacks (Sladkosti a občerstvenie)
    • chocolate (čokoláda), ice cream (zmrzlina), cake (koláč), biscuits (sušienky), candy (cukríky)
  1. Meals of the Day (Jedlá dňa)
  • Breakfast – First meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning.
  • Lunch – A meal eaten during the day, usually around noon.
  • Dinner – The main meal of the day, usually eaten in the evening.
  • Snack – A small portion of food eaten between meals.
  1. Drinks (Nápoje)
  • water (voda), juice (džús), tea (čaj), coffee (káva), milk (mlieko), wine (víno), beer (pivo), soda (sýtený nápoj)
  1. Cooking Methods (Spôsoby varenia)
  • Boil – To cook food in hot water or other liquid.
  • Bake – To cook food in an oven.
  • Grill – To cook food on a grill, often over an open flame.
  • Fry – To cook food in hot oil or fat in a pan.
  • Stew – To cook food slowly in liquid, typically in a covered pot.
  1. Spices and Seasonings (Koreniny a príchute)
  • salt (soľ), pepper (čierne korenie), paprika (paprika), cinnamon (škorica), basil (bazalka), thyme (tymián), garlic (cesnak), ginger (zázvor)

Rozšírená slovná zásoba o jedle

  1. Restaurant and Dining Out (Reštaurácia a stravovanie vonku)
  • Menu – A list of food and drinks available in a restaurant.
  • Waiter/Waitress – The person who serves food and drinks in a restaurant.
  • Order – To ask for food or drinks in a restaurant.
  • Appetizer – A small dish served before the main course.
  • Main Course – The main dish of a meal.
  • Dessert – A sweet dish served after the main meal.
  • Pay the Bill – To pay for the meal.
  • Tip – An extra amount of money given to a waiter/waitress for good service.
  1. International Cuisine (Medzinárodná kuchyňa)
  • Italian Cuisine
    • pizza, pasta (cestoviny), lasagna
  • Asian Cuisine
    • sushi, stir-fry, curry
  • Mexican Cuisine
    • taco, burrito, guacamole
  • French Cuisine
    • croissant, baguette, foie gras
  • American Cuisine
    • hamburger, hot dog, steak
  1. Food for Special Occasions (Jedlá pre špeciálne príležitosti)
  • Christmas (Vianoce)
    • roast turkey, stuffing, mashed potatoes, Christmas pudding
  • Easter (Veľká noc)
    • lamb, ham, hot cross buns, Easter eggs
  • Summer Foods
    • grilled meat, salads, ice cream
  • Winter Foods
    • soups, stews, baked dishes
  1. Healthy Eating (Zdravé stravovanie)
  • Vegetarian – A person who does not eat meat.
  • Vegan – A person who does not eat any animal products.
  • Gluten-free – A diet that excludes foods containing gluten.
  • Low-carb diet – A diet that limits carbohydrates like bread, pasta, and rice.
  1. Idioms about food and eating
  • To bite off more than you can chew – To take on more responsibility than you can handle.
  • To have a lot on your plate – To be very busy.
  • A piece of cake – Something that is very easy to do.
  • Spill the beans – To reveal a secret.
  • Food for thought – Something that makes you think seriously.
  1. Talking about taste
  • Delicious – Tastes very good.
  • Salty – Contains a lot of salt.
  • Sweet – Tastes like sugar.
  • Spicy – Has a strong, hot flavor.
  • Bland – Lacks flavor or taste.

Cvičenia

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the correct word.

  1. I would like a piece of __ (cake, bread, pizza) for dessert.
  2. For breakfast, I usually have __ (tea, coffee, water) with my toast.
  3. The __ (steak, ice cream, cheese) is delicious in this restaurant.
  4. We often eat __ (salad, soup, fish) for dinner.
  5. Could I have some __ (juice, wine, milk), please?

Exercise 2: Match the food with its category.

  • Pizza
  • Banana
  • Chicken
  • Rice
  • Yogurt

a) Fruit
b) Meat
c) Grain
d) Dairy product
e) Fast food

Exercise 3: Translate the following sentences into English.

  1. Rád by som si dal zmrzlinu.
  2. Na raňajky zvyčajne jem chlieb s maslom.
  3. Mám rád sladké jedlá.
  4. V reštaurácii si často objednám šalát.
  5. Polievka bola veľmi dobrá.

Odpovede

Exercise 1:

  1. cake
  2. coffee
  3. steak
  4. fish
  5. juice

Exercise 2:

  • Pizza: e) Fast food
  • Banana: a) Fruit
  • Chicken: b) Meat
  • Rice: c) Grain
  • Yogurt: d) Dairy product

Exercise 3:

  1. I would like to have ice cream.
  2. For breakfast, I usually eat bread with butter.
  3. I like sweet foods.
  4. I often order salad in a restaurant.
  5. The soup was very good.

Slovné spojenia o jedle

Naučiť sa slovnú zásobu o jedle v angličtine je dôležité pre každodenné situácie a konverzácie. Tieto slovíčka a frázy vám pomôžu v reštauráciách, pri nákupoch potravín, ako aj pri rozhovoroch o jedle.